An Ethnographic Study On Individuals And Groups - 1329 Words

For my project proposal, I decided to do an ethnographic study on individuals and groups in airports. I have noticed that when I travel, I normally choose not to hold conversations with other people even though I am closed and confined quarters for long periods of time. Therefore, I wanted to observe if people interact more with their devices than with each other. Prior to my observations, I assumed that crosstalk is limited, and that technologies result in social isolation. I believed that the airport was a good place to conduct my study because it is a semi-public sphere that has frequent foot traffic. My hypothesis is that devices have decreased co-location and increased co-presence is more prevalent in airport terminals. Before my research, my assumption was that the desire to disengage from the physical location was great because of the limited amount of ways that the airport terminal has to occupy time. I assumed that if there are people in the public space, most will be engaged or preoccupied with their technological device rather than engaging one another. I observed people ages 20-65, ranging from college students to retirees. I noted their reactions, their electronic device usage, their interactions (if any), and in specific cases, their conversations. I took the first study at 9:00 PM on Friday, March 21 at the SFO terminal. During this day I saw â€Å"single† young adults, a mom with her daughters, a Cantonese family, a father and daughter, and an old couple. I tookShow MoreRelatedEthnographic Research Design1154 Words   |  5 Pagesthey explore groups of people, in such cases ethnographic designs are best suited for their needs. Ethnographic research is designed for the collection of qualitative data because it goal is to write about groups of people in a cultural context such as â€Å"language, rituals, economic and political structures, life stages, interactions and communication styles† (Creswell, 2008, p.473). A design such as ethnographic research that requires researchers to observe and interact with the focus group or individualsRead MoreA Grounded Theory Research Study1222 Words   |  5 PagesAnother type of research is grounded theory research. A grounded theory research study will attempt to generate or discover a theory. This type of research is grounded in data from individuals who have experienced a process. Some of the defining features include: a focus on a process or an action, development of a theory, memoing, data collection, and data analysis. The process or action that a researcher may look into would have move ment or an action the researcher may be trying to explain. A processRead MoreEthnographic Research On Human Behavior1461 Words   |  6 Pagesthe shared and learned patterns of values† (p. 68). Ethnographic research provides a study on individuals in their own environment. Throughout the research, researchers attempt to answer questions in regards to human behavior. According to Schwartzman (1993), â€Å"Ethnography is used for research involving cultural sharing, and is linked to the use of anthropology as a way to view modern organization† (p. 3). The researchers examine individuals from the inside in order to gain a better understandingRead MoreContribution Of An Ethnographic Research On Friendship1100 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout this essay I will be evaluating the contribution of an ethnographic approach to research on friendship. I will be looking at, and including evidence to support both sides of the argument as to whether or not this research method is in fact useful when it comes to gaining knowledge about friendship. As well as evaluating this method, I will compare it against others to reflect on the strengths, weaknesses and the typical data collected. I will look at some of the questions about friendshipRead MoreThe People Within Ethnographic Studies981 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiences include social interaction, the persons physical environment and memory. Researchers have to know what is involved with sensory and embodied experience in order to study the experiences of others. Different methods such as film making have been put forward as ways of putting forward representations of the experiences of groups of people as well as the ethnographer, to an audience. †¢ Sensory experience had often been divided into two levels, known as the body and the mind. The body experiencesRead MoreEthnographers Relevance in Aiding the Understanding of Diverse Social Issues 927 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Ethnography is the study that facilitates the understanding of social interactions, behaviors and perceptions of individuals that are social, economic, and cultural in nature. Ethnographers study various aspects that present social connotations within diverse groups of people, teams, institutions, and societies. Its aim is to foster effective provision of credible information and insights pertaining to people’s views actions including nature (Kuper, 2006, p. 1). This paper gives credibleRead MoreIndigenous Tribe Of Hunter Gatherers1686 Words   |  7 Pagesthe tribe continues to be a source of interest among anthropologists and civilians alike, for whom the secluded nature and â€Å"primitive† culture of these people generates curiosity. The Mashco-Piro tribe has actively avoided contact with non-native individuals, however in recent years there have been a handful of sightings and interactions with the tribe reported, including a video of the tribe released by the Min istry of Environment in Peru as well as photographs of tribe members released by SurvivalRead MoreUnderstanding The Components Of Scientific Research1219 Words   |  5 Pagesconclusions reached are rational. Exploratory research involves many things, in particular, case studies and the psychobiography, content analysis, and archival research. Research, in itself, can seem to be an elusive form of representation. These components to proper research will be further explained. One part of the exploratory research process is that of a case study. The definition of what makes up a case study is really dependent on the particular textual definition or even, upon the researcher. DependingRead MoreDifferent Types Of Methods That Can Be Used For Qualitative Research889 Words   |  4 Pagesqualitative research. They include ethnographic, case study, phenomenological, ground theory, and critical study. The following will detail what the methods are and how they could be used in a classroom at Stephen Decatur Middle School. The research question being utilized for each example scenario is â€Å"will the use of audio books increase engagement for seventh grade special education students during independent reading sessions?† Ethnographic Ethnographic studies are in depth and focus on cultureRead MorePerspectives Of Smoke Free Policies1287 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch article and study â€Å"A qualitative investigation of smoke-free policies on hospital property† by Annette Schultz, Barry Finegan, Candace. Nykiforuk, and Margaret A. Kvern, had a purpose â€Å"to determine the consequences of policies mandating smoke-free hospital property in two Canadian acute-care hospitals by eliciting lived experiences of the people faced with enacting the policies.† (Schultz, Finegan, Nykiforuk, Kvern, 2011, p.1334-1335). To quickly summarize, findings of the study concluded that

Risk Management Is The Process Of Information System...

Risk Management: Risk management is the process of information system managers applies to balance the operational and economic costs of protective measures for their information and information systems. As a part risk management process, organizations (Stoneburner, 2002) select and apply security controls for their information and information systems. The System development life cycle is the overall process of developing, implementing and retiring information systems through a multiple process from initiation, designs, implementation and maintenance. Applying the risk management process to system development (Stoneburner, 2002) enables organizations to balance requirements for the protection of agency information and assets with the cost of security controls and mitigation strategies throughout the SDLC. Risk management consists of three processes a) risk assessment: This process includes identification and evaluation of risks and risk impacts, and recommendation of risk-reducing measures; b) risk mitigation: This process refers to prioritizing, implementing, and maintaining the appropriate risk-reducing measures recommended from the risk assessment process; c) Evaluation and assessment: This evaluates process and keys for implementing a successful risk management program. Minimizing the negative impact on an organization is a need in decision-making which are fundamental reasons in an organizations to implement (Unuakhalu, 2014) a risk management process for their ITShow MoreRelatedRisk Assessment : An Essential Part Of A Risk Management Process1046 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The risk assessment is an essential part of a risk management process designed to provide appropriate levels of security for information systems. The assessment approach analyzes the relationships among assets, threats, vulnerabilities and other elements. Security risk assessment should be a continuous activity. Thus, a comprehensive enterprise security risk assessment should be conducted at least once every two years to explore the risks associated with the organization’s information systemsRead MoreManaging Information Security Risks: The Octave Approach1635 Words   |  6 PagesAlberts, C. Dorofee, A.(2003) Managing Information Security Risks: The OCTAVE Approach. New York: Addison Wesley. This work is a descriptive and yet process-oriented book on the concept of security risk assessment with a specific focus on new risk evaluation methodology, OCTAVE. The term OCTAVE is used to denote f Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation SM.It is important that organizations conduct a security risk evaluation in order for them to effectively evaluateRead MoreIs20071634 Words   |  7 Pages 0 INTRODUCTION 0.1 WHAT IS INFORMATION SECURITY? 0.2 WHY INFORMATION SECURITY IS NEEDED? 0.3 HOW TO ESTABLISH SECURITY REQUIREMENTS 0.4 ASSESSING SECURITY RISKS 0.5 SELECTING CONTROLS 0.6 INFORMATION SECURITY STARTING POINT Information security is defined as the preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information †¦ Information security is defined as the preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information †¦ 0.7 CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORSRead MoreSecurity Risks And Risk Management1267 Words   |  6 PagesEHEALTH SECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT Abstract Protecting the data related to health sector, business organizations, information technology, etc. is highly essential as they are subject to various threats and hazards periodically. In order to provide security, the information has to adapt to certain risk analysis and management techniques which has to be done dynamically with the changes in environment. This paper briefly describes about analyzing the security risks and risk management processes to beRead MoreAn Advanced Risk Management Method1270 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This essay aims to debate an advanced Risk Management method while slightly in comparison to other advanced or not-so-advanced processes to deduct the importance on an effective mitigation phase. The Risk Management method that is examined in this essay will be used to compare and to make a conclusion on the mitigation’s effectiveness with the help of a detailed assessment phase. -- Introduction Terminologically, risk is known to be the possibility of an action having complications whileRead MoreRisk Assessment Of Information Systems Security Risks Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesInformation security professional’s job is to deploy the right safeguards, evaluating risks against critical assets and to mitigate those threats and vulnerabilities. Management can ensure their company’s assets, such as data, remain intact by finding the latest technology and implementing the right policies. Risk management focuses on analyzing risk and mitigating actions to reduce that risk. Successful implementation of security safeguards depends on the knowledge and experience of informationRead MoreReviewing State Of Maryland Information Security Program Documentation917 Words   |  4 Pagesthis paper is to review State of Maryland information security program documentation and to determine the security standards used to create the program in order to protect confidentiality, integrity and availability of agency operations, organizational assets or individuals which is the main agenda of State of Maryland Department of information technology. We will also discuss about other standards that can be useful for the State of Maryland Information technology and compare and contrast the standardsRead MoreInformation System Risks1562 Words   |  7 PagesInformation System Risk Management Claudia I. Campos CJA 570 Cyber Crime and Information Systems Security July 5, 2010 Steven Bolt Abstract The realization of potential risks to an organizations information system has been increased in the past few years. The principles of risk management, vulnerabilities, internal threats, and external threats is the first step in determining which levels of security are necessary to protect and limit the risks to an organizations information systemRead MoreRisk Management Project Part 1 Task 1602 Words   |  3 PagesTony Stark Risk Management Project Part 1 Task 1 Introduction A risk management plan is important for any business or organization regardless of the business’s or organization’s size. In the case of the Defense Logistics Information Service (DLIS), a risk management plan is critical in making sure the data that DLIS handles is protected. Loss or stolen information from DLIS can affect military assets. A plan needs to be made to be able to follow procedures in the event of an incidentRead MoreAuditor Responsibility And Its Effects On All Material Respect1594 Words   |  7 Pagesplanning and perform risk assessment procedure, and also all necessary audit procedure to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence before concludes the audit opinion. ISA 315 Identifying and assessing the risk of material misstatement through understanding the entity and its environment stated that ‘Obtaining an understanding of the entity and its environment, including the entity’s internal control (referred to hereafter as an ‘understanding of the entity’), is a continuous, dynamic process of gathering,

Development of Children and Young People Between Birth to 19 free essay sample

From six months onwards a child learns to sit up using support until they can manage without any support and eventually learning to crawl or shuffling on their bottoms. They are able to rollover from their tummies on to their backs and vice versa. They start to hold on to furniture learning how to walk along or by using the aid of a baby walker, up until they gain the confidence to walk alone. Their hand and eye coordination improves as they learn to pass an object from one hand to another, and begin to show preference for one hand. They learn to play with bricks. Firstly banging them together to being able to build towers, eventually building larger towers. By the age of two children will have learnt how to sit, walk, feed themselves and they will have moved from eating soft mashed food to eating solids, as sign of their teeth will be clearly visible. They will have learnt to kick and throw a ball. They will be able to grasp a pencil to make scribble on paper. From three to seven a child is more independent. Learning how to jump, climb, catch and walk up and down stairs confidently. They learn to pedal and eventually ride a bike without support. Using their fine motor skills to hold and use a pair of scissors, able to gain control of a pencil. Increasing in their writing skill. Can also fasten and undo buttons and shoe laces. From the age seven to twelve years a child will progress in running, jumping skipping and enjoying playing games as a team, even though they may misjudge their ability until the age of nine. Between twelve and nineteen a child goes from childhood into adulthood. This is referred to the adolescences stage. This starts from the age of 11 up until the age of 19 or 20. It’s the stage that teenagers learn to detach from their parents and become more independent. Every child rate of growth is different. Boys normally begin adolescence around the age of 14 year, which is later than girls, even though by the end they are usually bigger than girls. They will develop body hair as their body shape changes, their muscles begin to grow, increasing their strength. Their voice will change and become deeper. In the early stages to mid stages of puberty testicles and scrotum will begin to grow. Penis growth starts later but continues for longer. Girl’s breasts start to swell from around the age of 10. They will also develop hair in the pubic region that will become dark and curly. Their body shape will change. Some girls may be physically mature by the age of 13. This is dependent on the age at which she begins puberty, which varies, ranging from 8 until late teens. The average age for girls of menstruation is around 13. Social and emotional development. From birth to about one year old a child mainly communicates through facial expressions such as smiling at familiar faces. A child of this is very dependant and requires comfort from an adult. They recognise familiar faces and get distressed when separated from a parent. They enjoy interacting and playing games such as peek-a-boo and they gradually develop a sense of identity and want to do things for them self. They easily get jealous when attention is not given to them and try to please adults. Temper tantrums start when not being given what they want or not wanting to share toys. From three to four years a child is more self-motivated and is able to cope with unfamiliar settings and adults. They know how to share, becoming considerate and caring of other feelings. They enjoy playing with other children. Between four and seven a child is able to make friends but still finds it difficult to take turns and needs help resolving problems. By this age a child should have a stable environment and routine, they need to have limits set. By the age of seven a child becomes less dependant. Starting to enjoy playing with other children. They become aware of their gender and develop understanding between right and wrong. By the age of eight they develop a close friendship and enjoy playing with the same sex. By twelve they can start to show arrogance and bossiness and are uncertain sometimes. By the time a child reaches the teenage years they are very self-conscious. As their body shape is changing and odours make occur, acne may develop due to oily skin. They begin to follow peer groups in the way they dress having labelled clothing, collecting the same things playing the same games. They turn to their friend and not to their parents for approval. They begin to question certain aspects of life such as parental and community values and beliefs. Intellectual development A child between the ages of birth to three is more confident but still needs an adults support. They enjoy copying others and trying out different ways of behaviour in play. They realise that others are spate people from themselves. From three to four a child learns to understand two or three simple tasks that they are given to do such as pick up the toys put them in back in the box and put the box where it belongs. They begin to realise the difference between objects, size and type and are able to group these together. From five to seven they learn to understand that there is differences and sameness in various aspects in life and that differences can co exist side by side and are able look at things from different perspectives. By the age of seven, children are able to read to themselves and will take a lively interest in certain subject by the age of nine. During the adolescence stage the mind is maturing as young people begin to develop a sense of responsibility for their thoughts, words and actions. They begin to plan about their future and what line of work they want to be in? If they want to get married and have children? They gain the ability to make a link between different pieces of knowledge and the ability to make links of these with the world from their perspective. This stage depends on the guidance given to young people in respects to helping the brain. A young person learns to take the responsibility for his or her own fiances, accommodation, employment and personal realationshops. This reaches completion as the responsibility from parent transfers to the young person. Language development From the early stages in life a child is able to make a lot different sounds. They begin to babble. Laughing and squealing when they are happy and cry to show emotion. They respond to music and sounds. Trying to imitate a parents face especially the mouth. Between one and two years a child learns to use single words to joining them up to make phrases. They begin to understand parents and try and copy them. By the age of two a child’s vocabulary can be anything from 30 to 150 words. By the time they are three a child can use words to form a sentence and begin to ask questions. They are able to memorise rhymes and songs and are able to join in and are able to scribble on paper. From three to four a child starts to use past tense and is able to use a different pitch or tone of voice. Their vocabulary extends between 1000 to 1500 word. From five upwards their questions become more complex as they use language to communicate their ideas. The pencil control improves. As they copy shapes and letters. By the age of seven they are able to speak fluently and make up stories. They begin to understand letters and link them to sounds. A child of twelve years is able to describe complicated scenarios. They need help in tackling complex spellings and learning the different tense of grammar. They are able read out aloud. From twelve on to nineteen years a young person begins to use sarcasm, joking and mockery as it is new and sophisticated language for them. They are maturing and enjoy using their thought to debate whether it is formal or informal.

Compare and Contrast two criminological approaches to understanding the commission of crime free essay sample

Criminologists seek to understand the commission of crime in a given society, attempting to figure out why certain crimes occur, and then to study how these can be prevented, and deterred by individuals. The two key approaches I will examine in this assignment is that of the early Classicalist approach, and the opposing Positivist approach, each of which are crucial for understanding modern criminology today. In the late eighteenth century Britain went through an Enlightenment period, which is also referred to as The Age of Reason (Paine, 1794) and this is because reason was emphasised over religion, secularisation transformed society, new ways of thinking were introduced which influenced the Classicalism theory. This approach was first developed by the Italian scholar Cesare Beccaria, who argued that it is very natural for humans to engage in deviant and criminal thoughts, and it is then an individuals choice whether they want to pursue these deviant thoughts, as â€Å"man [is] a rational calculating animal† (Bentham, 1749) when it comes to crime. For instance if the potential gains and pleasure from illegal acts outweigh the potential pains of punishment the crime will be committed. It is through rational thoughts and free-will whether an individual chooses to fulfil illegal activities. Beccaria had a simple conclusion, which was to make the crime harder to commit, and this had several elements to it. Firstly, crime can be controlled by the fear of punishment, thus crime that is perceived to be severe and certain will deter criminal behaviour (Siegal, 2010) therefore crimes should be harder to commit and the punishment should fit the crime. Another key thinker of this theory was Jeremy Bentham, also believed in this idea of utilitarianism he sought to reform the prisons in England. He was very critical of the criminal justice system of the eighteenth century England, as the death penalty was the punishment for hundreds of crimes. For instance, minor crimes such as stealing were punishable by death, as well as committing an act of murder itself. Bentham then invented his idea of the perfect prison, the panopticon. This was a model prison where all prisoners  where observed at all times by unseen guards. The Classicalist approach involves the punishments being just and reasonable, however still being able to deter individuals. This approach has been criticised by numerous theorists for many reasons. To begin with, despite this continuing change of the punishments towards offenders, from the earliest codes of public executions, towards a more subtle reformation and rehabilitation scheme, the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 mirrors this idea, murder rates have not significantly changed. Also this theory emphasises much on rational thinking and freewill, however it is debated that we do not always behave in our best interest, there are times when individuals are intoxicated by alcohol so are not as conscious of their activities. Moreover, there are crimes which entails the offender gaining no rewards, and also victimless crimes illustrate that not all crimes and punishments are just. Theorists then sought to figure out another alternative way for understanding the commission of crime, as many began to doubt this theory that crime was a simple characteristic of the human nature. In the nineteenth century the Positivist approach was introduced, which brought a whole new way of thinking about criminals and certain crimes that they committed. This approach is often simplified to be the science of religion because it tackles the natural science approach when undertaking its methodology. The founder of this theory was Ceseare Lombroso, who claimed he had discovered the causes of crime. He concluded that the criminal man was physically different to normal people arguing that they had physical stigmata, abnormal attributes to their skull and jaw. Lombroso opposed the earlier classicalist thinking, as he believed that criminals were born different, crime was inevitable for them as they had specific traits in their biology, it was not out of free-will and and rational thinking why criminals commit crimes as the Classicalist approach would suggest. After 3000 anthropometric measurements he found some biological traits of criminals, and then argued that criminals could be visibly distinguished by their physical characteristics which included: high cheek bones, flattened or turned up nose and a low sloping forehead (Lombroso, 1876). After the intense research of his, he was able to identify distinct types of criminals – the born criminals who are biologically different from the law abider’s because they have not evolved properly, then there are the epileptics and insane criminals who are also abnormal humans however not born so, then lastly followed by the criminaloids who were occasional criminals, and also not born so. Ceseare Lombroso has said to be the founding father of modern criminology because of his unique ways of thinking about the commission of crime; today his work is still credited by many due to his specific reasoning. However the Positivist approach and theory if Lombroso has also been heavily criticised because of its simplistic views and very problematic categories. This approach is very deterministic, because it implies that all behaviour is predetermined, criminal identities are ascribed to individuals before they are even born, as Lomobroso argues that a criminal gene is inherited. The current understanding of individuals show that there are more important social factors that determine whether or not someone may choose to commit crime. It has been proven that some people do have an extra male chromosome, resulting in them being prone to aggression and more incline to criminal behaviour; this is known as the XYY syndrome. (Farrell) However, it is not every individual that has this extra Y chromosome that commits crimes, and Lombroso fails to recognise this. To summarise the two approaches I have discussed do have a great understanding of the commission of crime, however each are flawed. The two have made great individual logic and biological pathways, and have helped to shape society today.